Roofing shingle



Nov. 17,1925. "156L581 'H. ABRAHAM 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed April 8 1924 INVENTOR I lyerierl fl b ai m ATTORNEY Nov. 17,1925

I H. ABRAHAM ROOFING SHINGLE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 1924 \N'VENTQR h'erberi Abraham ATTORNE Poteuted Nov. 17, 1925.

HERBERT ABRAHAM, ()F

"roan, 1r. YL, ASSIGNOR to THE A. ooaronn'rron or NEW .i'nnsnr.

RUBERDID p0" s'oormo earners.

Application filed. April 8,

To all whom it may conccm:

Be it known thatl, l lnncenr ABnAHAM, a citizen of the United States, residi-n at the city, county, and Stete of New ro'rk, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement inltoofing Shingles, otwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to roofin shingles of the type embodying a fiexibe waterproofed backing and a slate sheet facing adhering to and covering the lower end portion of the backing to a depth greater than the extent of shingle surface which is to be exposed when such shingles are laid inoverlapping courses.

In manufacturing the shingles the backing is Waterprooted with suitable bituminous compositions of such consistency that the slate facing sheet will adhere firmly to the backing under the severest conditions of ordinary use, and or such degree of hardness that the bookings will not stick together, at any usual atmospheric temperatures, when the shingles are packed for shipment or storage.-

The shingles are intended to be leid'pri'ncipally upon pitched roofs, and there is a danger that in case of fire, or from some other extraordinary cause, the slate sheets may become loosened and drop oil. To avoid this objection I provide a form of shingle that may be fastened to the roof by nails driven through the slate facing sheet shingle.

near its upper edge in such position as to be covered by the lap of the next upper Because of the slate facing sheet the lower end portion of the shingle is substantially rigid and, therefore, the shingle cannot be so nailed without causing the front end to tilt up to such an extent as to open on unidesirable gap between it and the next lower shingle unless the facing sheet of the upper shingle is supported or properly elevated at its rear end. y

It has been proposed to provide a shingled 11 per course are supported by separate filling layers inserted betweensa'id upper course and the next lower course, or by forming a filler onthe shingle itself so that the fillers on the shingles of each course provide a support for the slates of the shingles of the next upper course. While such fill mg means have the advantage that they shingles;

1924. cerium); 704,962

support the slates against brealm c throughout their entire lengths, the use 0 11 separate fill ng layer increases the costs of material and labor required to lay the roof, and in the case Where-the filler forms it part of the shingle it entails difficulties in manufacture and increases the cost of the product.

According to my invention 1 provide a construction which enables laying of the shingles with an overlap but without necessity of using any filling means; by which a of each course are so supported the shingles that the may be fastened to the roof by means 0 nails driven through the slate fan lugs; and wherein nailing 1s accomplished with a minimum danger of breakage by effording e, multi-ply cushion under the slate where the nails are driven therethrough.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a top plan View of one of the Fig 2 is a longitudinal sectional View thereof, on an enlarged scale;

Fig. 3 shingleslaid in overlapping courses; and

Fig. El is a sectional view of the roof.

In the construction of the shingle a flexible backing 1 is employed preferably composed of roofing felt saturated with asphalt. The entire area of the backing is covered with c. bituminous coating 2. A slate'facing sheet 3, preferably consisting of slate veneer, is then applied to the booking in such position that it will register with an end and the adjacent sides of the completed sl1in-v till is a top plan view of several of the Y gle, as depicted in Figure 1 and it is affixed to the backing by adhesion to the coating.

According to this invention I employ a bituminous coating composition of such character that it shall melt to a liquid at temperatures considerably above themeximum atmospheric temperatures, that it shall not soften or were the highest atmospheric temperatures, that its adhesion to the slate shall remain unaffected throughout the em tire range of atmospheric temperatures, and that the unsurfaced portion of the coating shall be substantially "nomedherent at ordinary atmospheric temperatures so as not to cause the shingles to stick together .When

they are bundled or packed for shipment. These characteristics may be obtalned by using a bituminous coatingcomposition having a melting point, by the ring-and ball method, of from 180 F. to 260' F., and

Q Y mental 'havingla penetration of not less than ili'60 secondsat 32 F. witli'a needle loaded 200grh1hs, a penetration of from to 'in' 5' attendant??? F; with a needle loaded 5 'with 10() '-grams, and a"penet ration of not greater than 1D 5 seconds at 115 F. -with 'a'needle' loaded with 5Q grams. fBy the term penetration is meant, the distance that a standard needle. yertically penetrates thefmaterial underknown conditions of loading, time and temperature.-

"and'ball tion. test are two of. the standard tests established by the American Society for Test- Materials for determining the melting pomt and hardnessof bituminous compost tions. 1 f I r The slate facing sheet is preferably ap- 1 plied under. slight pressurenot'only tocfiect 20 com lete'and uniform adherence to the-backing utalsc' to squeeze out a slight amount of coatinght the marginal side and end edges between the fencing and the hacking, which: squeezed,portions, upon hardening of the coatingjco'mposition, effect a water and weather-proof sealed jointexcludingmoisture, The lengtlrof the slate sheet 3, measured longitudinally of" the shingle, is somewhat greater than the extent which is to heexposed when the shingles are laid in overapped relation with a substantially uniform la the excesslength being such as to per- "mit of nails be driven throu h the slate in position to be covered by the lap of the next I '11 per shingle. In actual practice the slate est '3 is rectangular in form, having a of theshingle of 9 longitudinally of the Shingleshaving facy'v idth transversely inches, and "a length shin'gleo'f 8 inches.

land with a depth, measured 'baclr from the front end, of '6 inches of the facing sheet ex posed, to the weather. It is to be understood, of course, be varied." In layingthe shin le the fasftening 'nails are driven'througn the cover 'portionefjghe facing. It has been found that nails can be driven easily through the shingle without breaking or cracking the islate facing sheet and without preformed nail holes, however, if desired, the 1 sheet may be provided with nail holes 4, or other indicia', to indicate the proper nailing points. ii The backing" 1 is of-the width as the slate facing sheet 3, but is of a length-equalto three times the depth that theshingle is intended to be exposed when laid plus a distance substantially equal to the length of l the cover portion of the slate, facing sheet. With slate facing sheets of the dimensions above-mentioned, the backing will be 'approximately 20 inches long because in that instance the shingle is intendedto be expn ed 6 inches to the weather with sub- The ring melting point test and the penetraof these dimens ons are intended to be lengths of the ensuing course,

that these, dimenyions may I gles of the last mentioned course willbe supstantially, 2 inches of the .slatefacing sheet covered by the lap of the next upper shingle. -While the particular dimensions may varied, the proportionsdes cribed coustitute an essential featureo flthe invention because it is by designing a shingle of substantially these roportions that .I am enabled to provide or layingtheshingleswith an overlap and without necessity of using any filling means. i f I Referring'now to Figure 3, showing an indeterminate portion of a roof covering formed of shingles laidfin overlaping course, it will be seen that the sliing es-of course A are'fastened to the roof b hails '5 driven through the slate facing s set in position to be covered bythe lapof'the' ensuing course B, stud thatflthe uppr ends of the backings 1 of the shingles 'of course A extend up under the uppere'dgesof the slate facing sheets 3 of the shingles-of the secend ensuing course C. Each'courseis similarlfy laid and fastened, and it will be observed that the nails not only pass that when laid the upper ends of'those of I through the shingles of the course'bemg' nailed. but

any coursedo not extend up to the nailing I;

points of the second ensuing course, then in nailing the shingles of slate facing sheet of the immediately underextent as. to form an unsightly gap between the front end of the shingle being nailed and the facing ofthe underlying one.

By providim a construction wherein the shingles is such that when laid the rear ends of those upwards of the I the slate sheets of theshinported, at and about the nailing poitits, by

the lastmentioned course they will tilt onthe upper edge of the of any course extend nailing points of the second the combined backings of the shingles of the two underlying courses, and tigping' or v breakage ofthe slate faced ends m be 'prevented on driving the nails home. Also, it will be noted,"that this constructionresults in each shingle being held the roof by six nails, assuring-that the shingles will be fastenedsecurelv and flat, and ithout and a slate sheet facing adhering to the backing in registration with an end 'acent sides thereof, the slate l sheet being of a length, measured longitudinally. of the and the ad-V dgnger of any of the slate sheets dr pping l2? shingles to be laid 1n overlapping courses s ze comprising a flexible the depth to which the shingle is intended laid, and the backingbeing of a length greater'than t rec times said depth of exposure. i

2. A roofing shingle adapted with similar having a substantially uniform lap,.each water roof backing and a slate sheet facing adhering to the backing in registration with an end and the adjacent sides thereof, the slate sheet being of a length, measured longitudinally of the shingle, greater than the depth to which the shingle is intended to be exposed when laid by an amount sufiicient to ermit nailing through the facing, and the backing being of a length greater than three times the depth of exposure by an amount substantially equal to the length of the said unexposed portion of the facing.

3. A roofing shingle adapted with similar shingles to be laid in overlapping courses having a substantially uniform'lap, each comprising a flexible waterproof backing,

the unexposed portion of a bituminous coating on the backing having adhesive properties when heated but being non-adhesive at atmospheric temperatures, and a slate sheet facing adhering to the coating in registration with an end and the adjacent sides of the backing, the slate sheet being of a length, measured longitudinally of the shingle, greater than the depth to which the shingle'is intended to be exposed whenlaid, and the backing being of a length greater than three times said depth of exposure.

4. A roof composed of a plurality of shingles, each con'lprising a flexible waterproof backing and a slate sheet facing on an end portion of the backing, laid in overlapping courses havinga substantially uniform lap, each course being fastened by nails driven through the slate facings in position to be covered by the lap of the shingles of the succeeding course, and with the rear ends of the backings of the shingles of each course extending upwards of nailing points of the shingles of the second ensuing course.

' HERBERT ABRAHAM. 

